担保子女移民：年龄锁定日与未随行、未查验子女的排除条款

受养子女的定义分两层，两层都要满足

家庭类里，受养子女是条例明写的一类。IRPR s.117(1)：

117 (1) A foreign national is a member of the family class if, with respect to a sponsor, the foreign national is
(a) the sponsor's spouse, common-law partner or conjugal partner;
(b) a dependent child of the sponsor;
(c) the sponsor's mother or father …

还需结合 IRPR s.2 对 dependent child 的定义判断，在 dependent child 这个词自己的定义。IRPR s.2：

dependent child, in respect of a parent, means a child who
(a) has one of the following relationships with the parent, namely,
(i) is the biological child of the parent, if the child has not been adopted by a person other than the spouse or common-law partner of the parent, or
(ii) is the adopted child of the parent; and
(b) is in one of the following situations of dependency, namely,
(i) is less than 22 years of age and is not a spouse or common-law partner, or
(ii) is 22 years of age or older and has depended substantially on the financial support of the parent since before attaining the age of 22 years and is unable to be financially self-supporting due to a physical or mental condition.

定义分成 (a) 和 (b) 两层，(a) 讲亲子关系，(b) 讲依赖状况，每一层里都要满足一项。

(b) 里面又分两支。第一支写 less than 22 years of age and is not a spouse or common-law partner。这里有两个条件，中间那个 and 容易被忽略：孩子不到 22 岁，但已经结婚，或者已经和别人构成同居伴侣关系，这一支就不成立。年龄那一半满足了，身份那一半没满足，整条还是不成立。

亲子关系那一层里，adopted child 和 biological child 是并列的，收养的孩子同样落在定义里。但条例对收养另有一整套专门规定，写在 s.117 后面几款里，本页不展开。

22 岁及以上受养子女的例外条件：三个条件缺一不可

(b)(ii) 是为已满 22 岁的子女保留的一条途径，条件比通常认为的严格。原文把三件事串在一句话里，三件同时成立才算落进这一支：

1. 已经 22 岁或者以上； 2. 在满 22 岁之前就已经在实质上依赖父母的经济供养，原文是 has depended substantially on the financial support of the parent since before attaining the age of 22 years； 3. 因为身体或者精神状况无法经济自立，原文是 unable to be financially self-supporting due to a physical or mental condition。

常听到的说法是「孩子有残疾就一直算受养子女」，这种说法遗漏了中间一条。条文要的不只是眼下这个状态，还要这段依赖关系在满 22 岁之前就已经开始，并且一直延续到现在。此前一直工作、能够自食其力，二十五六岁之后才出现身体状况的，时间上无法满足第二条。

年龄锁在哪一天，按走哪一类分

通常的默认是，年龄按递交永久居民申请那天算。条例 s.25.1 实际把这个锁定日分了九款，(1) 是兜底的那一款：

25.1 (1) For the purposes of determining whether a child is a dependent child, the lock-in date for the age of a child of a person who is a member of any of the classes set out in these Regulations, other than in those cases referred to in subsections (2) to (9), and who makes an application under Division 5, 6 or 7 of Part 5 is the date on which the application is made.

这一款自己就写明了 other than in those cases referred to in subsections (2) to (9)，等于先声明后面有例外。其中三款和经济类移民关系最直接：

(4) … the lock-in date for the age of a child of a person who is a member of the provincial nominee class, who is nominated by the province and who makes an application under Division 6 of Part 5 is the date on which the application for nomination was made to the province.

(5) … the lock-in date for the age of a child of a person who is a member of the Atlantic immigration class … is the date on which the application for endorsement was made to the province.

(3) … the lock-in date for the age of a child of a person who is referred to in section 86, 90, 97 or 101, to whom a Certificat de sélection du Québec has been issued and who makes an application under Division 6 of Part 5 is the date on which the application for selection was made to Quebec.

省提名那一款对应的日期，往往比永久居民申请递交之日早一年甚至更多。中间隔着省里审提名的时间，拿到提名之后才进联邦这一步。子女年龄如果接近 22 岁，两日期间的年龄变化可能直接影响是否符合受养子女定义。

这一层对申请人有利，但不能据以直接得出结论。是不是走那一类、条文写的那个动作具体发生在哪一天、那一天孩子几岁，均属逐案的事实问题，须回到实际递交的记录上核对。其余几款涉及魁北克的特殊情形和难民类，本页不展开。

省提名和联邦这两步的关系，另见省提名与快速通道的关系。

当初没随行、也没被查验的子女

这是另一层。担保人自己当年办永久居民的时候，如果有个孩子没有随行、也没有被查验过，条例直接把他排除在家庭类之外。IRPR s.117(9)：

(9) A foreign national shall not be considered a member of the family class by virtue of their relationship to a sponsor if
…
(d) subject to subsection (10), the sponsor previously made an application for permanent residence and became a permanent resident and, at the time of that application, the foreign national was a non-accompanying family member of the sponsor and was not examined.

两个条件同时成立才触发：担保人当初递过永久居民申请并且成了永久居民；在那份申请里，这个人属于不随行家庭成员，并且没有被查验。

s.117(9)(d) 常常在多年以后才显现。

配偶担保中有同样道理的条款，见境内担保与境外担保怎么选。换一条路线不等于绕开排除条款。

排除条款的例外及其适用条件

s.117(9)(d) 开头写着 subject to subsection (10)，这一款要连着后面两款一起读。

s.117(10)：

(10) Subject to subsection (11), paragraph (9)(d) does not apply in respect of a foreign national referred to in that paragraph who was not examined because an officer determined that they were not required by the Act or the former Act, as applicable, to be examined.

这一款的意思是：当初没被查验，原因是官员认定按当时的法律不需要查验，那么 (9)(d) 不适用。关键在「官员认定不需要查」这个动作上，与「当时没有人提起过这件事」是两回事。

s.117(11)：

(11) Paragraph (9)(d) applies in respect of a foreign national referred to in subsection (10) if an officer determines that, at the time of the application referred to in that paragraph,
(a) the sponsor was informed that the foreign national could be examined and the sponsor was able to make the foreign national available for examination but did not do so or the foreign national did not appear for examination; or
(b) the foreign national was the sponsor's spouse, was living separate and apart from the sponsor and was not examined.

已经落进 (10) 的人，如果官员认定当年担保人被告知过这个家庭成员可以接受查验、担保人有能力安排他去查验却没有安排，或者这个人自己没有去查验，(9)(d) 照样适用。

所以这件事不是补一份材料就能解决，能不能落进 (10)、是否又被 (11) 排除在外，取决于当年那份申请里究竟发生了什么：官员当时怎么处理的、有没有发出过关于查验的告知、担保人当时有没有安排的能力。这些都是多年前的事实，须以当年留下的记录为据。

三层是连在一起的

另外还有担保人本身要满足的条件，那是另一套要求，见官方页面。处理时间用移民局的处理时间查询页看当期的。申请被拒之后还有哪些路，见拒签之后怎么办。

年龄这一层即便通过，s.117(9)(d) 仍在其后，它需要回头查一份多年前的旧申请。这三层要按顺序过一遍：先确定孩子落在 s.2 定义里的哪一支，再确定 s.25.1 里适用哪一款、那一天具体是哪一天，最后回头查担保人当年那份永久居民申请里有没有 (9)(d) 的问题。任何一层的答案改变，后面几层都要重新核算。

咨询价目在这里。

常见问题