和移民局打交道：自己的档案怎么要出来，谁能收钱替你办

《隐私法》与《信息公开法》的适用范围和申请资格不同

中文里常说的「调档」「调 GCMS」，在官方那边不是一件事，是两条法：《隐私法》（Privacy Act）和《信息公开法》（Access to Information Act）。要的是哪一类信息，决定走哪一条。

要自己名下的个人信息，走隐私法这条。官方页面上写着：

A request for personal information held by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) should be made to IRCC under the Privacy Act.
There are no fees involved with the processing of a request under this Act.
Canadian citizens, permanent residents, and foreign nationals, regardless of where they are located, can request access to their personal information held by federal government institutions under the Privacy Act.
If you are making a request on behalf of someone else, you must include the Consent for an Access to Information and Personal Information Request (IMM 5744) form. Include this form for each individual listed on your file who is 16 years of age or older.

信息公开法那条管的是另外几类：

Send a request to IRCC under the Access to Information Act (ATI) to:
• Get information about IRCC
• Get information that would have been created by IRCC
• Get personal information submitted by a representative, where the client (with their consent) is not a Canadian citizen, permanent resident, or here in Canada.
The fee for requests under the Access to information Act is $5.00.
To send a request you must be a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident of Canada or an individual or corporation currently in Canada.
If you are making a request on behalf of someone else, you must include the … (IMM 5744) form. Include this form for each individual listed on your file who is over the age of 18.

摆在一起看差别很清楚：

最常听到的说法是：人在国外办不了，得找个在加拿大的亲友帮着递。这句话把两条法混成了一条。要自己的个人信息走隐私法这条，人在哪里都能递，也不收费。

替别人递的时候要附一份同意书（IMM 5744），文件上列到的人每人一份。

怎么递，护照类不在这里

递交方式两条法一样，官方给了三个可选：

• IRCC's Access to Information and Personal Information Request Form (IMM 5563);
• Treasury Board Secretariat's Access to Information Request Form (TBC/CTC 350-57); or
• A letter indicating that the request is made in accordance with the [该法].

第三种是一封信，写明这份请求是依据该法提出的即可，不必非用表格。官方另外说明，网上递交更快更方便；信息公开法那条网上递交需要信用卡或借记卡。

有一类信息不在移民局手里。移民局持有的是 2002 年之前的加拿大护照申请、旅行证件与护照调查档案；2002 年至今的护照信息，要向 Employment and Social Development Canada 递。这一类容易递错机构，动手之前先看年份。

三十天，以及延期通知里必须有的那一句

隐私法 s.14 定的是三十天：

14 Where access to personal information is requested under subsection 12(1), the head of the government institution to which the request is made shall, subject to section 15, within thirty days after the request is received,
(a) give written notice to the individual who made the request as to whether or not access to the information or a part thereof will be given; and
(b) if access is to be given, give the individual who made the request access to the information or the part thereof.

三十天不是不能动，s.15 允许延，但延本身有规矩：

15 The head of a government institution may extend the time limit set out in section 14 in respect of a request for
(a) a maximum of thirty days if
(i) meeting the original time limit would unreasonably interfere with the operations of the government institution, or
(ii) consultations are necessary to comply with the request that cannot reasonably be completed within the original time limit, or
(b) such period of time as is reasonable, if additional time is necessary for translation purposes or for the purposes of converting the personal information into an alternative format,
by giving notice of the extension and the length of the extension to the individual who made the request within thirty days after the request is received, which notice shall contain a statement that the individual has a right to make a complaint to the Privacy Commissioner about the extension.

可以延的上限是三十天。理由限于两种：按原期限办会不合理地干扰机构运作，或者需要作必要的咨询而原期限内合理地完不成。翻译或者转成其他格式另算，按合理所需的时间。最要紧的是通知本身：三十天内发出、写明延多长、并写明申请人有权就这个延期向隐私专员投诉。

条文只写了这项权利存在，没有写投诉之后会怎样，也不是一个催办的渠道。

三十天这个数字要放回语境里看。官方 ATIP 页面顶部另有一段说明，讲的是请求量大幅上升，可能影响其在法定时限内回复的能力。法定期限写在法里，实际什么时候回来是另一回事。

哪几类人能收钱替你办

移民局把代理分成两类，收费的和不收费的，收费的必须获授权：

There are 2 types of representatives:
• paid (must be authorized) and
• unpaid

Authorized paid representatives
Only some people can charge you a fee or receive any other type of payment. These people are called "authorized" representatives. They are:
• lawyers and paralegals who are members in good standing of a Canadian provincial or territorial law society
• notaries who are members in good standing of the Chambre des notaires du Québec and
• citizenship or immigration consultants who are members in good standing of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants

中文说就是三类：在加拿大任一省或地区律师公会在册且状态良好的律师与 paralegal；魁北克公证人协会（Chambre des notaires du Québec）在册且状态良好的公证人；移民与公民顾问监管委员会（CICC）在册且状态良好的移民或入籍顾问。

另一页把范围写得更细，安省的 paralegal 单独点了名：

• Citizenship or immigration consultants must be a member of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants.
• Lawyers or notaries must be a member of a Canadian provincial or territorial law society, or the Chambre des notaires du Québec.
• Paralegals (Ontario only) must be members of the Law Society of Ontario
If they are not members in good standing, you should not use their services.

安省的 paralegal 必须是安省律师公会（Law Society of Ontario）成员。不在良好在册状态的，官方写的是不该用他的服务。

用了不该收钱的人，后果落在申请人这一头：

We won't deal with representatives who charge a fee but are not authorized. If you use an unauthorized representative, in Canada or abroad, we may return your application or refuse it.
Remember: if you pay a representative or compensate them in any way in exchange for their services, we consider that paid and they must be authorized.

两处容易被略过。一处是「以任何方式给予报酬」都算付费，不限于现金。另一处是移民局不会跟收费而未获授权的代理打交道，人在加拿大还是在境外都一样，申请可能被退回，也可能被拒。

要弄清的是三件事：属于上面哪一类、监管机构是哪一个、在册状态查不查得到。官方页面上另有一栏，是对代理提出投诉的渠道。

移民局自己写着：你不需要请代理

这段是官方页面上的原话：

You don't need to hire a representative!
It's your choice. Using one will not draw special attention to your application and doesn't mean we'll approve it.
You can get all the forms and instructions you need to apply for a visa, a permit or citizenship for free on this website. If you follow the instructions, you should be able to fill out the forms and submit them yourself.

三层意思：请不请是自己的选择；请了不会让申请得到额外关注，也不代表会批；表格和填表说明在官网上是免费的，照着说明填，应该能自己填完自己交。

不收费的人帮忙，在移民局眼里同样是代理：

Unpaid representatives could be: family members, friends and other third parties who do not charge a fee. They may give the same services as paid representatives, but they do it for free.

不管表是谁填的，责任不转移：

You are responsible for all the information in your application, even if your representative completes it for you.
Beware of representatives who:
• advertise their services as free and later ask you to pay a fee
• advise you to lie on your application

官方点名要留心两种情况：把服务说成免费、后面再来收费；以及建议申请人在申请表上说假话。

档案到手之后，难的是读它

要档案这一步不难。走隐私法这条不花钱，外国人不论人在哪里都能递，官方连表格号和信件这条路都写好了。

难的是之后那一步：这份案子还有没有回旋余地。这个判断跟档案调不调得出来完全是两回事，法条上也找不到现成答案。

拒信下来之后三条路的时限和取舍，另写在拒签之后：复议、重新递、还是司法复核。收费与预约方式在咨询价目。

常见问题